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1,022,054. AXLE-TRUCI( OR- UNDER- CARRIAGE FOR RAILWAY, TRAM-- lWAY, AND MINING VEHICLES. Jamas Siri-ingiuntivo Wannen, Forest Gate, England. Filed Oct. 1S, 1909, Serial No. 523,837. t

To all yihom, it maj/concern s Be i known. that I, Jamie Seriinamnn rteiiessseibisctf the Kinn of Enizland.

residing at (lien Deep, Disraeli Road, Forest. Gate, Essex Iin'land. havel invented certain new am usetul Improvements in` Axle-'l'rneks or Uiulercarriuges for Rail-I way, 'l`rniuway, and Mining Vehicles, ofi which the followin r is a full, clear, and ex I net description, re. eience being lind to the accompanying drawings, forming part of'y gravity of the car. In order to make clear this conception which I call the conform- I ity line point out that if a carriage were a irojectilc passing through the air, provided there was no rotation of the projectile nroiind its own center, a passenger seated in such a carriage would he entirely free from the vibration and fatigue inseparable from travel in carriages as at present constructed. My conformity line therefore, is a trajectory which, instead of followingr the usual path of a projectile, is bent in conformity with the general direction and chan es of direction of the track, and thus no enger retains its characteristic as a parahola,while it does retain in a large measure its tend cnc to be inatliemntically strai fht. Over a nece of straight track, then, tind that, re atirely` this conformity line, which is theoretically and practically a line as straight as it is possible for a uniss in niotion to generate, contrasts strongly with the vertical and transverse irregularities of cach rail, considered separately, and it averages up the two rails, each irregular in itself, hy an ideal line which is both a reference line relative to either rail, and, at the lsuine time, is a natural path for the mass of a ear in motion to follow.

I find that considerable provision by means of springs has always been made for vertical irregularities of track, but. that` transverse irregularities, having been inadequately provided for, have resulted not. only i in transverse disturbances, but also'in rolling movements of the carriage, including vert-ical movement other than would have resulted had a more elastic transverse con nection been employed.

. Not only is a1 straight track inherently irregular, whichinccessitates an ideal line of transition for it, auch a. conception as the eonformity line, but the tendenc 0f is Path 0f thsertersrrtremthe par kingv )or i frames in a series with the above.

defined by the track, as well as for the car to rotate about its own axis lor center hy some chance force, or forces, imposed upon it by the track--or by propulsion, have also been considered in my improved suspension,

so as to insure that. any point. on a carriage` oi' train of carriages, will follow as far as possible a mathematically straight. line, by ruiming on, or parallel to, the conformity line.

According to this invention, l connect the axle by means of a V frame, or sub-truck, to a kin pin placed on the lon Yitudinal center oi: the car so that this frame constrains the axle to swing in an are of a circle approximately around this center pin in n horizontal plane, whileat the Sametime the weight of the vehicle is imposed on the lower A ends of links constructed to swing in an are.

of a circle; the weight imposed on these links bein a horizontal major truck frame rotatin a iout the same or an adjacent king pin, an( which carries dependent links onto the lower ends of which,by drop brackcts,nr otherwise the ear body rests. 'lhe second horizontal rotatin r frame may com irise a rigid X fraine witi the king pin at t ie een` ter of the X, or inay be articulated at the center of the X so that the two Vs formin the X may rotate independently of each other.

For long wheelbase four wheel traint-ars and four wheel wagons, I prefer to use two pins and independent minor and ma frames, but for bogic cars I prefer to use one kin" pin to each pair of axles, and the rigid X major truck frame, which may rotate, more or less, together with its` two axles, as a whole in a manner siiuilar to ordinary railway bogies.

I nia interpose a third or other truck I may also arrange that the wheels on any one axle nui v rotate independently of cach other, and I may employ wheels of une nal diameter after the manner of. the style o truck usually known as the maximum traction type. I may also ,employ in connection with my suspension the various well known devices for propelling, supportin or perinittiii the rotation of ho y ie and otier trucks, aiuiznlso segmental 'p ates, ball and socket connections. and

- equivalent devices for displacing the turning center, sueh as are we l known in pre.

l'rainc having a center common to one or neither ot` the pair of bogies at one end of a carriage, the. support of the carriage upon thisl tliii'd X or double V frame bein y either of the. center bearing description, or y links variously placed.

Since it. is desirable in building rolling stoek to follow thel conformity line to ini Isure that the ineelianical advantage of they :ipplieation of the fort-es exerted by the track 1 to disturb the relation of an axle relatively both to the carriage and the track should be t'or eeitain iiirposes as great as possible, I may place t ie eiieiilar swinging suspension links supporting tlic weight of the cai-ria e as described in the foregoin" between tlie axle and the king iin, or on t ie other hand, only ou the side ot thel axle remote from the king pin.

Figure i is a side elevation of one end of a veliiele sup iorted according to the siniplest form ofl this invention. Fig. 2 is a plan with the body removed. Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views of a modification in which there are two major and two minor frames free to turn about each king pin j, thus forming a four wheeled bogie. Figs.

."i and (i are similar views. Fig. 7 is a transverse .section of another iiiodilication in all respects similar to that shown at. Figs. 3 and It, except. that the. two major frames are a rigidly connected together, thus forming` a.

single major frame. Fig. 8 is a plan of another nualitieatioii similar to that shown i at Figs. 3 and 4, 'except that three king pins are employed, the major frames being pivoted to the body by the pin and the "niinor frames being pivote( to the major frames by the pins le. Fig. 0 is a i side elevation of another modification showing iunior links` of varying` lengths. Fig. 10

is a side elevation of another modification i showing maior links of varying lengths.l

Figs. 11. l2 and 13 are diagrammatic ilan views of the floors of vehicle bodies, i lustrating different arrangements of the links with respect to said bodies, these arrangenients being applicable to each of the embodimenti,l shown in the several figures of the drawings.

a isthe body of the vehiclehaving fixed to i truck, the combnntion with n bmp. und n it brackets b supported on springs o carried by links rl suspended from the major traine e. The niaJor frame c is similarly supported onspririgs f carried by links. g

suspended from the minor frame h which orted by the axle boxes. out which the body and 1 f niinerl frames and the axle boxes in the usual manner, and instead of being vertical as shown, some or all of the links maybe inclined. Again, the links siipportinf thc body are shown at the corners o the major frames, and the links supportinfT the major frames are shown suspended from the tops of the axle boxes, but they may be placed in other positions. Also, the links supporting the major fraaie atonc end of the truck may be made. distinctly longer than the links supporting the major frame at the other end of the truck. This will have the effect of shifting the center of oscillation of the tiuek, in a i horizontal plane, toward the end of the truck which has the shorter links. Any

horizontal movement of the truck frame about this center would then have to dis place one or more of the king pins to which the suli-trucks are attached by an appreciable amount.. Since the transverse d isplacement of any king pin rerpiires skidding of the two wheels to whiei it refers, thc tendency of any king pin to resist transverse movements may by this means be utilized to prevent oscillation of the truck frame.

The links supporting the body from the major frames may also be made of distinctly ditlerent lengths to each other and to the links supporting the niajor frames from thc minor frames, with the. object of damping any tendency of the major frames to oseillate in a horizontal plane.

l claim:

I1. In a railway, tramway or mining `truek, the combination of a minor frame, a major frame supported on links from the minor frame` a body suspended on links from the major frame, and a king pin, or kin pins, about which the frames and the bo y can rotate, relatively to each other.

2. In a railway, tramway or mining truck, 'the combination with a body, major frame, and minor frame, of links of dismajor frame, of links of distinctly different.

lengths supporting salid body from said major frame.

/d 2 el? EN 3 Lwnn a railway, tramway orV mini'i' truck, the combination with a major frame', of a' body oscillatable about a center, and links disposed at different distances from the center of oscillation and supporting said body from said major frame.

5. In a device of the character described, the combination with a major frame, of a minor frame, means for Vswingins i;ly snspending one of said rames from the other,

a whit-le body, and means for swnginglyll a suspending said vehicle body from one of l .-aid frames.

t'. In a device of the character described, the combination with la major frame, of a minor frame, meml for lawingingrly sns- I pending one of sziid framesl from the other,

t i' vehicle body. and means for mringingly f 1 suspending laid vehicle body .from one of i i-aid frames, raid body and frames being in i addition pirotally connected to each other. 'y T. ln a deviec of the character described, th(` combination with a minor frame, of a g major frame swingingly supported by said i minor frame and bivotally connected thereto at a point distant from said swinging snpport.,and a vehicle body swingingly i supported from said major frame. 8. In a device of the character described, 1 the combination with a minor frame.,of a major frame swingingly supported by 1 raid minor frame nml pivotally connected thereto at n point distant from said swinging support, and a vehicle body swingingly -snpported from said major frame, the swinging su iport of said vehicle body being distantI irom the pivotal connection between said frames.

t). In a railway, tramway, or mining truck. the combination with an axle oscillatable in the horizontal plane of its axis, o1' a frame swingingly suspended from said axle, and a body movably suspended from said frame.

In witness whereof I have signed this specification in presence of two witnesses. JAMES SUTIIERLND WARNER.

Wi t nesses t, Fai-.me L. RAND, f B. WILLIAMS. 

